SAEH
Prof.Aziza FISSAH
Secretary General of SAEH
Hydatid Disease: a clinician’s point of view
The epidemiology and control of echinococcosis is directly related to the social, political and economic aspects of a region or country. The socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis is linked to the infection of humans and also livestock, but the epidemiological evaluation is difficult and in particular the quantification of economic losses. This is due not only to the lack or inadequacy of data, but also to the lack of standardized systems and appropriate methods that could be applied in the same way in all countries.
The attending physician and in particular the clinician, whatever his specialty, his grade, and his mode of exercise, is confronted in addition to the suffering of his patient suffering from hydatid disease, which he must treat (with the aim of minimum of complications and sequelae) or refer to an adequate therapeutic circuit, to the absence of an organized access pathway for the optimal management of his condition, especially in emerging countries.
He also finds great difficulty in accomplishing the primordial task and first prerogative of his profession, which is prevention. This is most relevant to other sectors.
To fight against these two main pitfalls facing the clinician, he must organize and set up, in collaboration with all the doctors and specialist biologists concerned by the disease, multidisciplinary consultation meetings (RCP) like that of the management of the cancerous disease, which have been proven by allowing to standardize the therapeutic behaviors and to better organize the circuits of management of the disease.
In parallel with these SPCs, national scientific recommendations, inspired by those of the WHO, and adapted to the national reality, for the management of the hydatid disease must also be elaborated.
Finally, committees of national experts, including clinical physicians, epidemiologists, veterinarians, and agronomists, should be set up to work in intersectoral committees and to organize the prevention of hydatid disease.
SAEH
Prof. Boussad HAMRIOUI
Honorary President of SAEH
Hydatid Disease: Parasitologist’s Perspective
In Algeria hydatidosis with Echinococcus granulosus constitutes a real problem of
public health and animal health is also an economic problem.
– The diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis is based on arguments
epidemiological, paraclinical and biological. Different serological techniques have been
tested and compared in the indirect diagnosis of hydatidosis. The results are obtained according to the location, the state and the number of cysts. At least 2 techniques are
used routinely.
– Biochemical studies of hydatid liquid have been made on different batches of
hydatid fluid taken from man and various animals and from all organs
parasites.
– The major and immunogenic fraction 5 (antigen 5) has been purified from the liquid
hydatid. The physico-chemical characters of this fraction have been determined. This one is
reveals to be a glycolipoprotein.
– Monoclonal antibodies have been produced against fraction 5. This opens up
wide perspectives in the various fields, both diagnostic and therapeutic.
– To fully understand the fertility problem of metacestodes from patients with
hydatidosis, long-term work is undertaken.
– A molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and
of Echinococcus canadensis in humans and cattle in Algeria was conducted for the purpose of
to list the circulating Echinococcus granulusosus s.l strains infecting humans
Algeria. For this purpose identification by P.C.R sequencing of mitochondrial genes from a wide
panel of human strains d. E. granulosus sl and herbivorous animals was used.
– For therapeutic purposes, white mice received intraperitoneal injection
scolex collected from animal hydatid cysts several anthelmintics have
have been tested in the treatment of hydatid cyst secondary to inoculation. The variation of the
albeldazole sulfonyde concentration in the serum, the membrane is hydatid fluid as a function of time was determined.
In parasitology, there is still a lot of work to be done to really identify the disease. Multidisciplinary work is very important to achieve this goal.
SAEH
Prof. Chafia TOUIL-BOUKOFFA
Honorary President of SAEH
Team: ” Cytokines and NO Synthases / Immunity and Pathogenesis ”
LBCM-FSB-USTHB.
Hydatid Disease: A Biologist’s Perspective
Cystic echinococcosis / hydatidosis is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans by the larval stage of a cestode: Echinococcus granulosus. It is characterized by a slow and silent evolution. The close and long-lasting adaptation of the parasite to its host involves the implementation of complex and progressive strategies, allowing it to avoid or counteract the mechanisms of rejection by the immune system. In addition, the variability and severity of the clinical expression of this parasitosis are associated with the duration and intensity of the infection but also with the antigenic plurality.
The work done by our team will help to better understand this disease and put in place appropriate prophylactic measures. They should also open up new therapeutic perspectives for this pathology (Labsi et al, 2016; 2017). Finally, cystic echinococcosis constitutes a new and very promising parasitic model for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in many parasitic pathologies. Similarly, recent studies reported on helminthiases give them an additional advantage in understanding other pathophysiological mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, allergy or autoimmune diseases, thanks to their immuno-regulatory power.
The research projects conducted by our team “Team Cytokine and NO Synthases / Immunity and Pathogeny” are organized around the following points:
a- The search for biomarkers of prognosis, patient follow-up and clinical diagnostic assistance.
b- The development of bio-therapeutic strategies on cytokines, anti-cytokines, pharmacological regulators of cytokine synthesis, biomolecules extracted from plants.
C- The use of helminthic helminthic components to inhibit the inflammatory processes of chronic inflammatory diseases (IBD) and autoimmune diseases through inhibition of TH1 / TH17 pathways.
SAEH
Prof. MC. BENCHIKH EL FEGOUN
Member of the SAEH
Hydatid Disease: A Vet Point of View
Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic anthropozoonosis that represents a public health problem in Algeria. The evolutionary cycle of E. granulosus is mainly synanthropic, with domestic dogs being the definitive hosts, and breeding animals as intermediate hosts.
In Algeria, the factor influencing the persistence of cystic echinococcosis is the infestation of dogs after ingestion of offal parasitized with hydatid cyst not destroyed after slaughter of butchery animals. Many risk factors (the access of dogs to slaughterhouses and potentially offal, the lack of incineration and burial of seized offal and the dumping of waste in the wild, uncontrolled slaughter …) currently exist and ensure the contamination of dogs. The combination of all these risk factors justifies the persistence of the infection and the availability of sufficient parasite biomass in rural areas as well as in urban areas. The domestic cycle of Echinococcus granulosus between the dog (definitive host) and livestock (intermediate host) is unlikely to be broken.
Given the endemic situation of E.K., with a potential risk of transmission to humans, it is urgent to take control measures to break the epidemiological cycle of the parasite.
WORLD ASSOCIATION OF ECHINOCOCCISIS
Prof. António MENEZES DA SILVA,
Former President of the World Association of Echinococcosis
The World Association of Echinococcosis (AME) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to the study and disclosure of all aspects related to echinococcosis, to fight against this disease worldwide by all scientific and legal means. It has the following main objectives:
– Cooperate with international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO / WHO), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO / PAHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), and the different working groups on echinococcosis.
– Cooperate with governmental and non-governmental authorities in all programs related to health legislation, education, culture, scientific investigation and technical improvement in the field of echinococcosis.
– Promote the international exchange of knowledge and ideas in the field of echinococcosis and, to this end, organize a World Congress and promote other types of local, national or regional scientific meetings.
The AME was founded on 21 September 1941, in Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay), during the first South American International Conference Against Hydatidosis. Currently, the main objective of the MEA is the holding of the World Congress. In 1981, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the AME, the 12th Congress was held again in Algiers (Algeria). Its president was Prof. Dr. Bachir Mentouri .. Finally, in 2017, the Congress (XXVII) returned for the third time in North Africa and Algeria under the chairmanship of Mme. Karima Achour.
These congresses bring together scientists from different countries, who present the results of their research in all areas of echinococcosis and exchange knowledge and experiences of their daily work. This information is an important vehicle for spreading knowledge about the disease and alerting authorities in the countries concerned to the importance of providing all means to combat it. It was one of the tasks of the Association right from the start.
The World Association of Echinococcosis, aware of this scourge, has done everything to sensitize the authorities of countries where the disease is endemic and implement programs to fight against this disease, with the ultimate aim of eradicating it. Regular congresses in endemic areas provide a renewed opportunity to alert the countries concerned, to raise the awareness of health care institutions and personnel, as well as the entire population, about the public health problem and the socio-economic consequences. echinococcosis.
Prof.Dominique A VUITTON
(Centre collaborateur OMS-France)
Dominique Angèle Vuitton, born 16/12/1946 in Besançon, France, is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Immunology at the University of Franche-Comté (member of the University Community Burgundy Franche-Comté). She holds a doctorate in medicine from the University of Strasbourg and a doctorate in science from the University of Lille 2, a Master’s degree in Physiology of the Interior, prepared at Paris XII University, and a Master’s degree in Pharmacology. Clinical and Pharmacokinetics prepared at the University of Franche-Comté. Graduate in the specialties of General Surgery and Diseases of the Digestive Apparatus, she exercised her clinical activities at Besançon University Hospital in Internal Medicine, with expertise in Allergology. In France, she is a corresponding member of the National Academy of Medicine and Knight of the Legion of Honor.
Since 1978, it has dedicated a large part of its scientific activities to echinococcosis, firstly in the regional framework for alveolar echinococcosis in Franche-Comté, then internationally, on the two echinococcosis, cystic and alveolar, mainly in China. , combining experimental work in the laboratory, clinical management of patients, and field activities (mass screening, collection of epidemiological data); 165 of its 281 publications indexed in PubMed are for echinococcosis. This research contributed to the creation of the research team ‘Health-Rural Environment / University of Franche-Comté’, which has since merged with other multidisciplinary teams to form the associated Joint Research Unit ‘Chrono-Environment’ at CNRS and INRA. A member of the WHO working group for the first clinical trial of mebendazole and albendazole in patients with echinococcosis in 1981, she coordinated the 1995 WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis. to 2000, and until 2003 she headed the WHO Collaborating Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, for which she was appointed by WHO in 1995 for Besançon University Hospital and the University of Franche-Comté. County. Since 2004 she has been totally dedicated to the research activities and animation of regional, national and international research groups on diseases related to the rural environment, including echinococcosis and protection against allergies. In 2004 she obtained the recognition of the French Registry of alveolar echinococcosis by the National Institute of Health Surveillance, which led to the identification in Besançon of the ‘National Reference Center for alveolar echinococcosis’ in 2012, which became in 2017 ‘National Reference Center for Echinococcosis’. His work in echinococcosis continues in West China as co-scientific director of the Regional Key-Lab on Echinococcosis in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and consultant to the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai Medical University in Xining, Qinghai . Very involved in the organization of international congresses on echinococcosis, she was president of the Scientific Committee of the 27th World Congress of Echinococcosis, in 2011 in Urumqi, China, and in 2017 in Algiers.